Cats in China: A Historical and Cultural Overview

Cats have a captivating history in China, spanning thousands of years. These graceful animals have evolved from practical pest controllers to beloved pets and cultural icons. This article explores their journey through Chinese history, art, literature, and modern society, highlighting their enduring significance.

Early Domestication: Cats as Protectors of Grain

Farmers in ancient China first domesticated cats around 5,000 years ago. They valued cats for their ability to hunt rodents, which threatened grain stores and agricultural yields. Archaeological discoveries, such as cat bones in ancient farming settlements, confirm their early role in protecting food supplies.

Unlike in ancient Egypt, where people revered cats as sacred beings, early Chinese societies primarily appreciated cats for their practical benefits. Over time, however, their role expanded beyond pest control, and they became cherished companions.

Cultural Significance: Cats in Myths and Folklore

Cats hold a special place in Chinese mythology and folklore. One prominent legend features the Li Shou, a mythical cat-like creature. According to the tale, the gods sent the Li Shou to teach humans agriculture. Eventually, the Li Shou entrusted this responsibility to humans and chose to live a carefree life, symbolizing the cat’s independent and mysterious nature.

In addition to myths, cats have long been associated with good luck, protection, and mystery. Many Chinese households believed cats could ward off evil spirits and bring prosperity. For example, the Maneki-neko (beckoning cat) figurine, though more commonly linked to Japan, has roots in Chinese folklore and symbolizes wealth and good fortune.

Cats in Art and Literature: Symbols of Elegance

Artists and writers in China have celebrated cats for centuries. During the Tang Dynasty (618–907) and Song Dynasty (960–1279), cats became popular subjects in paintings. These artworks often depicted cats in serene domestic or natural settings, emphasizing their grace and tranquility.

In classical Chinese poetry, cats symbolized independence and refinement. The Tang poet Bai Juyi famously wrote about his pet cat, praising its quiet dignity and companionship. Cats also appeared in folktales, where they were often portrayed as clever and resourceful characters.

Imperial China: Cats as Royal Companions

During the imperial era, cats became fashionable pets among Chinese emperors and nobility. The Tang Dynasty marked a golden age for cats, as they gained popularity in royal courts. Some cats were even gifted to foreign dignitaries as symbols of goodwill and cultural exchange.

Certain breeds, such as the Chinese Li Hua (Dragon Li), were highly prized for their unique appearance and hunting skills. The Chinese Li Hua, believed to have descended from wild Chinese mountain cats, remains one of the few native cat breeds in China. Cats with distinctive fur patterns or colors were particularly sought after, and their breeding became a refined art.

Modern Era: Cats in Contemporary China

The Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) brought challenges for cats in China. During this period, some viewed cats as symbols of bourgeois luxury, leading to a decline in their popularity. However, in recent decades, cats have made a remarkable comeback. Today, they are among the most beloved pets in China, cherished for their companionship and playful nature.

The rise of internet culture has further boosted cats’ popularity. Cat-related content, such as videos and memes, dominates social media platforms. Additionally, cat cafes have become a staple in urban areas, offering people a chance to relax and interact with cats in a cozy environment.

Native Chinese Cat Breeds

China is home to a few unique cat breeds. The Chinese Li Hua (Dragon Li) stands out for its distinctive tabby coat and muscular build. This breed, believed to have originated from wild Chinese mountain cats, is highly valued for its intelligence and hunting abilities.

Another rare breed is the Chinese White Cat, known for its pure white fur and striking blue or odd-colored eyes. These cats symbolize purity and elegance, making them highly sought after by cat enthusiasts.

Final Thoughts: The Enduring Bond Between Cats and Humans

Cats have played a significant role in Chinese history and culture, evolving from practical pest controllers to cherished companions and cultural icons. Their journey reflects the dynamic relationship between humans and animals, as well as the timeless appeal of these enigmatic creatures.

As China’s urban population grows and lifestyles change, the bond between humans and cats continues to strengthen. Whether as symbols of good luck, subjects of art, or beloved pets, cats remain an integral part of Chinese culture.

References

1. Zeuner, F. E. (1963). A History of Domesticated Animals. Harper & Row.
2. Li, X. (2010). Animals in Ancient Chinese Culture. Journal of Chinese History.
3. Wang, L. (2015). The Role of Cats in Chinese Folklore and Mythology. Asian Folklore Studies.
4. Zhang, Y. (2018). Cats in Chinese Art: From the Tang Dynasty to the Modern Era. Art History Journal.
5. Liu, J. (2020). The Resurgence of Cats in Modern Chinese Society. Contemporary Culture Review.